Doctor Gruel

Date1771

Publisher Matthew Darly (ca. 1720 - 1780)

Publisher Mary Darly (1760 - 1781)

Designer & engraver M. Darly

OriginEngland, London

MediumHand-colored etching with line engraving

DimensionsOverall: 8 1/2 × 5 1/2in. (21.6 × 14cm) Other (Plate): 5 3/4 × 4 1/4in. (14.6 × 10.8cm)

Credit LineMuseum Purchase

Object number1955-62,18

DescriptionUpper right corner reads: "17"
Lower margin reads: "DOCTOR GRUEL./ Pub.d according to Act of Parl.t Oct. 3.d 1771 by MDarly 39 Strand."
Label TextThe print is plate 17 from volume I of six volumes of Mary and Matthew Darly's "24 Caricatures by Several Ladies Gentleman Artists &c." It's been supposed that this caricature satirizes prime Minister William Petty, Earl of Shelburne, 1st Marquis Landsdowne (1737-1805), or George Lord Lyttleton (1709-1773), or Sir Nash Grose (1740-1814), which might be the most likely candidate because Grose was a Judge and this figure wears a legal wig.

The Darly's were a husband-and-wife team capitalized on the craze for caricatures, the practice of making a likeness with exaggerated mannerisms or features to create a comic effect, a form that was brought back by aristocratic Britons who visited Italy on the Grand Tour. The Darly’s catered to this audience by publishing a prolific assortment of caricature prints during the 1770s. Many of the Darly's satirized the manners and fashions of the macaroni, a term used to describe a sub-culture of fashionably dressed men during the period, and subsequently, regardless of subject, the Darly's prints were known as "macaroni prints."

Their most famous work was their encyclopedic "Caricatures" which included prints of macaroni’s as well as other interesting characters, such as macaronis, all based on their own drawings and those submitted to them by amateur artists lambasting their friends, artists, and other figures in London life. The front page of Volume I describes them as “…a Series of Drol[l] Prints consisting of Heads, Figures, Conversations and Satires upon the follies of the Age…” These prints were published in groups of 24, in six volumes that were published between 1771 and 1773. Colonial Williamsburg owns volumes 1-3.