Billiard BALL

Date1800-1840

Mediumelephant ivory

DimensionsBalls: Diam: 2 1/4", Box: OH: 3", OW: 7 3/4", OL: 9 3/4"

Credit LineMuseum Purchase

Object number1965-78,18

DescriptionOne white ivory billiard ball from a grouping of billiard balls (some ivory; some plastic (est. cellulose nitrate)) including 12 white, 19 red, 2 pink, 2 blue, 4 green, 2 brown, 1 black and 4 yellow.The balls were accessioned with a rectangular walnut box (1860-1890) with flat top with rounded edges hnged at back with box hinge at front; straight sides dovetailed at corners; flat bottom with rounded edges.It can accommodate 12 billiard balls.
Label TextThe game of billiards was played in the period with 2 white balls and one red ball for two players.Initially players used sticks called maces with a scoop of sorts at the end to push the ball. Some found it more advantageous to use the pointed end of the mace called the cue. The cue stick evetually became the preferred stick. Wooden balls were often used, but tended to change shape with humidity and use. Wealthier players preferred ivory. Although ivory reacts to humidity, it is more durable than wood. The white balls were left natural while characteristics of the thin and intensely colored red layer suggest it is a dye-based color, such as a lake pigment.
A description of the game is found in the The Compleat Gamester by Charles Cotton, first published in 1674, with several subsequent editions. This book was sold in the Williamsburg Printing office in the second half of the 18th century.
MarkingsNone found.